What are brain metastases?
They are cancer deposits that have spread to the brain from another site. They are different from tumours that begin in the brain. Some cause no symptoms; others may affect movement, speech, balance, vision or memory.
What treatments are available?
Options include stereotactic radiosurgery, fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy, whole-brain radiotherapy, surgery and systemic medicines. The appropriate approach depends on lesion characteristics, symptoms and the cancer elsewhere in the body.
Why is preserving function important?
The team considers tumour control alongside cognition, daily independence and quality of life. Strategies to reduce cognitive effects may be considered when whole-brain treatment is necessary.
What does follow-up involve?
MRI scans are often used to assess treated lesions and detect new ones. Interpretation can be complex because radiation-related changes can resemble tumour growth.
What should I ask?
Discuss the reasons for the recommended treatment, expected benefits, possible effects on memory or function, and the proposed MRI surveillance plan.
Treating the whole brain or selected lesions
Some people are treated with highly focused stereotactic radiosurgery, while others may need surgery, systemic medicines or radiotherapy to a broader area of the brain. The approach is individualised according to symptoms, the number and position of lesions, overall cancer control and the priority of preserving neurological function.